tetra cap used for sale

Saugdepanner, Fabr. Capelleveen, Type CAPGRIP CAD

Furnace unloader for continuous furnace, Fabr. Capelleveen

Used bottling line by Pack-Trend, new 2020. Machine type: Dispensing, capping, labelling machine Weight: 675kg Type of medium: liquid, gel, cream. Material stainless steel AISI304 Machine capacity: up to 900 cycles/hour Packing portion: 0,1-0,5 L Machine dimensions working: Height H - 1600mm Width B - 1500mm Length L - 3000mm. Electrical supply: 230V/50Hz Pneumatic Supply: 6-8 bar Power consumption: 1500W Accessories: ROTARY RECEIVING TABLE ROTARY INFEED TABLE Certification: CE Technical and Operational Documentation.

Fuji Capsula XL II CR System incl. PC / Monitor / Keyboard / CD / manuals tested from technican #Welcome to inspect & test # EXW Germany

1x VDI 40 steel bracket holder C4 C4-RC2040-51030 L= ; B= ; WeightG:= 3kg 2.2)58760 Cylindrical C4 adapter diameter 50x90mm 9x Inner Extractor Bracket 10x External Swivel Holder 3x outer piercing holder visible as far as possible 1) C4_R166_4KF-12060 Female Thread Swivel Holder 2) C4-B_SNR-27042-12 3) C4-R166.4FGZ-27050-16 External Rotary Bracket Right Triangular Plate : 4) C4-SDJCR-27050-11 External Swivel Bracket Right Triangular Plate 5) C4-DSSNR-27042-12 External swivel holder right 1x with plate, clamped from above 6) C4-SVJBR-27050-16 External swivel bracket right 1x with insert, Torx screws 7) C4-SDUCR-13080-11 Coro Turn Drill Rod, Internal Rotary Square Plate-Torx Sxamuk 8) C4-PCLNR-17090-12 Internal torque with clamping 9) C4-SVQBR 13090-16 Internal Rotary Holder Copy Plate 10) 3pcs C4-RF15.1230-G20-27050B & 27060B Cut-off holder sword Shipping costs on re ...

Key data: 4200 kN

Machine in production !1

AUTOMATIC twin table SLOT MORTISER machine model BALESTRINI 2CAP second hand machine max. slots width mm. 120 + thickness max. slots thickness mm. 20 max slots depth mm.80 coller shank mm.13 table inclination 20° spindle motor power: Hp 3 oscillating motor power: Hp 1 spindle rotation rpm 9000 net weigth kgs. 600 volt. 380/50

Output infinitely adjustable up to 7000 bottles/hour. Number of screw heads 8 pcs. Installed power 1.68 kW Supply voltage 220/380 V; 60 Hz Compressed air requirement 0.3 m 3 Compressed air operating pressure max. 0.6 MPa Overall dimensions (length x width x height) 1450x950x2800 mm Weight 600 kg

tool clamping area: - mm Shipping weight: 22 kg Packing: ? mm The data for this ad was created with ModulMWS - the software solution of LogoTech oHG.

Manufacturer: Unimac-Gherri Series: Tappatore Mod. Cap. 4-Plastic Year: 2010 Capacity: 10,000 b/hr Formats:current 850ml Specifications: - Voltage 400 V - Frequency 50/60 Hz - Nominal power: 4 kW

Fully automatic capsule filling machine for powder or pellets in capsules of size 000 - 5. Along with the main machine, various additional modules and machine enable a fully automatic filling process. Included: material hopper, capsule hopper, vacuum feeder, capsule feeder, industrial dust collector, capsule polisher, metal detector, collecting hopper (final product). ? Specifications: suitable for capsule size: 000 - 5 | segment bores: 25 | max. speed of the machine in neutral: 140 cycles/minute (corresponding up to 3500 capsules/minute) | main machine dimensions: L1555xW1165xH2040 mm | main machine weight: 2200kg. Please note that our new prices are often below the usual used prices. Please feel free to inquire and tell us your packaging task. - Usually 30-50 different new machines are available immediately from stock. In addition, we have very short delivery times from approx. 3 weeks ...

Manufacturer: Sebia Model: Capillarys 3 Tara CAPILLARYS 3 TERA delivers the enhanced performance of a 12-capillary system and can be upgraded to an MC configuration by adding 1 to 3 CAPILLARYS 3 TERA units to a tube loader (528 positions). It offers a broad range of techniques for myeloma, diabetes, hemoglobinopathies, and chronic alcohol abuse. Find more here - / Contact us at -

Sample system for filling liquids into bottles, closing them with a twist-off cap and then bottles labelling. Complete system consisting of: Bottle unscrambler | Filling machine with 4 filling heads for liquids with high or low viscosity | Lid closing machine for different sizes and shapes of lids including lid unscrambler | Labelling machine for bottles/cans/containers made of glass or plastic | Collecting table. The individual machines of the packaging line are connected to each other via conveyor belts, which gives the installation of the line high flexibility. -Specifications: Number of filling nozzles: 4 | filling range: 100-1000ml | dosing method: by piston pump | accuracy: +/- 1% | bottle height: 15-400mm | bottle diameter: 25-200mm | speed: max. 1000 bottles/hour | label size: L25-300mm, W20-180mm, product contact parts are made from 304 stainless steel. Dimensions and total weig ...

LABELshrink tunnel. Basic version with conveyor for smoothly shrinked labels on caps only. For bottles/cans/glasses without any corrugation. Two blowing motors for low and turbo air blowing. - Specificationen: max. product size: ? 120xH400mm | tunnel size: L1000xW150xH400mm | machine dimensions: L1530xW400xH1300mm | output: up to 200 bottles/min | power: 380V, 9.0kW. Please note that our new prices are often below the usual used prices. Please feel free to inquire and tell us your packaging task. - Usually 30-50 different new machines are available immediately from stock. In addition, we have very short delivery times from approx. 3 weeks for customized machines. Deviations from the sample photo are possible. - All machines are available with full warranty.

Used Capping Machine AVE 6T up to 7000 bph The used capping machine AVE 6T up to 7000 bph delivers high efficiency and versatility for the bottling industry. Specifically, it handles medium to high-speed production lines, ensuring consistent and reliable results. Furthermore, the machine for Stelvin Lux uses six capping heads to provide precise and uniform operation throughout every bottling cycle. Moreover, its design maximizes production speed, enabling the handling of up to 7000 bottles per hour. This performance, in turn, supports businesses aiming to improve operational efficiency and maintain consistent product quality. The system supports aluminum screw caps of the Stelvin Lux type, measuring 30×60 mm. Consequently, this cap type creates an airtight seal, preserving product integrity and extending shelf life. Producers in the wine and beverage industry often choose this forma ...

Rating: 400kW Electrical Efficiency LHV: 33% Combined Heat And Power Efficiency: Up to 90% Voltage: 400-480 VAC Frequency: 50/60 Hz Electrical Service: 3-Phase, 4-Wire Wye Shutdowns at the end of October 2023, one of which has been shut down since January 2023. We put them into operation at the end of November 2020. The sale includes a container for 3 turbines (2 installed), heat recovery units (550 kW), exchangers for low and high pressure condensate removal, Mattei gas compressors (6.5 bars) in a container, a gas cooler, a gas blower, and a turbine inlet gas filter.

Clamping Force: 420 ton // Shot Weight (Max): 1555 g

General SKU300U1003 LocationBarneveld MakeCI Electronics Type195/36 Sade P2 No.TP595 Main Features MaterialStainless steel Specified Features - Miscellaneous transport MaterialStainless steel Information Floorspace0,80x0,65 m CEcheck Total height1,37 m Weight70 kg Extra SpecificationsTablet/capsule weight sorter, capacity: 5-2000 milligrams, processing 55 tablets/capsules per minute.Miscellaneous transportCI ElectronicsConveying systems > Miscellaneous transportBrand > CI Electronics What you can expect from Foeth: -- Machine is in working condition -- At a reduced price compared to new -- Ready for shipping to any destination worldwide -- You are welcome to inspect the machine in Barneveld, The Netherlands. Please visit us in Barneveld for many more machines!

General SKU330W1528 LocationBarneveld MakeSeidenader TypeV50-2 Mach.No.1012/95 Main Features MaterialStainless steel Motor0.6 KW Specified Features - Miscellaneous Motor0,6 kW, 230 volt Information Year of construction1995 Total height1,35 m CEcheck Floor space1,60x0,70 m Weight180 kg Extra SpecificationsWith hopper, Jost vibration unit, type JD3, output roll conveyor,  : MiscellaneousSeidenaderMiscellaneous > MiscellaneousBrand > Seidenader What you can expect from Foeth: -- Machine is in working condition -- At a reduced price compared to new -- Ready for shipping to any destination worldwide -- You are welcome to inspect the machine in Barneveld, The Netherlands. Please visit us in Barneveld for many more machines!

General SKU422W1590 LocationBarneveld MakeEngineering Systems TypeTabcap 5 No.9292 Year of construction1992 Main Features MaterialStainless steel Inlet diameter0.5 mm Specified Features - Miscellaneous transport MaterialStainless steel Miscellaneous transport Capacity220 volt Information Mounted on wheelscheck With switchgearcheck Total height1,35 m Weight220 kg Floorspace1,0x0,70 m Extra SpecificationsWith RNA vibration funnel, type SRC-N, : X, Y travel table, tablet frames and tooling Miscellaneous transportTabcapConveying systems > Miscellaneous transportBrand > Tabcap What you can expect from Foeth: -- Machine is in working condition -- At a reduced price compared to new -- Ready for shipping to any destination worldwide -- You are welcome to inspect the machine in Barneveld, The Netherlands. Please visit us in Barneveld for many more machines!

7 pcs Index VD30 mounts with capto interface, 3 pcs driven by it, mint condition!

Approx. 100 pcs Capto C4 adapter, see photos

The Automatic Liquid Filling and Capping Machine by YQ MACHINERY CO LIMITED offers an inline solution for efficient packaging. Designed for easy operation and reliability, this machine is perfect for businesses in the material handling and packing industries, ensuring accurate filling and capping of liquid products. Where It’s Used: Beverage industry (bottled water, soda) Pharmaceuticals (medicine bottles) CBD/hemp oil bottling Cosmetics (shampoo, lotion bottles) Vape e-liquid production

This HILALSAN ULTIMATE CAP-3220 hydraulic press was manufactured in 2021. It features a pressing force of 220 tons, a bending length of 3100 mm, and is equipped with a Delem DA-58 controller. With a stroke length of 265 mm and a throat depth of 410 mm, it offers robust performance for precise operations. Consider the opportunity to buy this HILALSAN ULTIMATE CAP-3220 hydraulic press. Contact us for more information about this machine.

This 4-axis HILALSAN Cap 2080 hydraulic press was manufactured in 2018. It features a pressing force of 80 tons, a bending width of 2600 mm, and motor power of 7.5 kW. The machine includes a stroke length of 205 mm and a throat depth of 310 mm. If you are looking to get high-quality bending capabilities, consider the HILALSAN Cap 2080 machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information about this machine.

This HILALSAN Advanced Cap 3320 was manufactured in 2019. It features a pressing force of 320 tons, a bending length of 3100 mm, and a stroke of 365 mm. With a throat depth of 510 mm and a main motor power of 30 kW, its ideal for heavy-duty press brake tasks. Only 351 operating hours. Contact us for more information.

Erlab Captair Filtair 936 Filter Extractor Erlab's exhaust-free, filtering chemical extractors offer the world's most powerful filtration, guaranteeing safety and performance. A system with countless benefits that provides end-to-end protection throughout the lab and beyond. Equipped with SMART technology, an intuitive communication platform that monitors all critical performance criteria of the fume hood and ensures your safety at all times. Pros Complete user protection Filtration safety : All models of captair filtair filter extractor comply with the AFNOR NFX 15-21 1 Class II standard. Pollutant retention capacity of chemical vapours in the working area, guaranteed by controlling the air velocity on the façade and complying with pollutant retention standards (XPX 15203, BS 7258, DIN 12927) Sampling valve for the expelled air allows the user to control the filter ...

(1) Gas (2) Fuel (3) Electric: 0   Temperature maximum: 0 C° Capacity (kg): 0 kg Technical data Working space: Width: 600 mm Height: 650 mm depth: 800 mm External dimensions: Length: 1200 mm Width: 900 mm Height: 2000 mm

This OMSG CAPRI 9/13 M was manufactured in 2008. It features a working area with dimensions of 900 mm by 1300 mm and a suspension load capacity of up to 2 x 500 kg. Equipped with 2 x 5.5 kW turbines, replaceable blasting area armor, and a screw-driven blasting material collection system. It also includes an elevator, grain cleaning system, and a control cabinet-operated suspension movement. Contact us for more information about this machine.

Used Used filling monoblock Fill?n Cap: Year: 2018 Condition: Good Used Filling Monoblock FILL?N CAP Year: 2018 Speed: 4.000 Bph Model: RST. 30-2-2 Direction: American Linear Blower Type of filling: volumetric Number of filling valves: 2 dosages from 20 to 100 g 2 valves for filling from 5 to 20 ml Product tank Capacity: 25L Heater Stirrer Oil Tank Capacity: 5L Capper Number of heads: 2 Type of cap: Screw Plastic Safety protections Code: QT 638 More details: https://bottlingscout.com

Used Used monoblock capper | wirehooder Bertolaso: Year: 2017 Condition: Good Monoblock Capper | Wirehooder BERTOLASO Year: 2017 Speed: 18.000 BPH Direction: Clockwise Capper 16 heads | Delta 816S Mushroom Cork Wirehooder | Minerva 200 20 Heads Long autonomy distributor cages Caps Elevator Safety protections Code: HJ 69 More details: https://bottlingscout.com

Used Used labeller Capsuler GAI 6030: Year: 2004 Condition: Good Year: 2004 Speed: 2.500 bph Direction: Clockwise Model: 6030 Nr. 3 adhesive stations Suitable for pvc and polylaminate capsules Formats: 0.75 lt series xv glass special, 0.75 lt Safety protections Code: EA 454 More details: https://bottlingscout.com

Automatic desiccant cap assembly line (silica gel). Equipped with a dual-lane system and a multi-position rotary carousel, featuring cardboard punching units, volumetric dosing, plastic seal insertion, and quality control by machine vision and dynamic weighing. Year 2012. In good condition.

Used Water Complete Bottling Line Flat Drinks 300 bph 18.9L CapSnap The CapSnap Adapta Series is a modular integrated bottle washing, filling, and capping system. It is the perfect solution for medium-sized HOD water bottling operations. Designed for adaptability – these machines can be configured to handle both 3-Gallon and 5-Gallon bottles. This complete system effectively handles 300 – 600 BPH. Manufacturer: CAP SNAP – Portola – USA Year of production: 1999 (completely refurbished in 2015 and since then it has worked only 500 hours) Capacity: 300 bph Required energy sources: air 6 bar, power 40 kW, cleaning water supply 2 bar and filling water supply Line composition: Semi-automatic cap removal device: This device is used to remove caps from bottles. Entrance conveyor: On this conveyor belt, the bottles are manually placed. Prewash with cold water through nozzles ...

Used Tetra Pak Cap Applicator 30/Flex for Helicap23 2012 The Tetra Pak Cap Applicator 30/Flex for Helicap23 is a capping machine designed and manufactured by Tetra Pak® in 2012. This machine is specifically designed for applying plastic screw caps onto containers, ensuring secure sealing and efficient production. With a speed of 9600 bottles per hour (BPH), it offers a high-capacity solution for the packaging industry. Specifications: Manufacturer: Tetra Pak® Model: 30 Flex For Helicap 23 Year: 2012 Speed: 9600 BPH This capping machine in suitable for 1000 slim format Cap Type and Rotation Direction: The capping machine is compatible with plastic screw caps, providing a reliable closure mechanism. The rotation direction of the machine is clockwise, ensuring proper application of the caps onto the containers. Current State and Safety Features: Currently, the Tetra Pak Cap Applicator ...

Used Capping Machine Tetra Pak Helicap 23 6000 bph The used capping machine Tetra Pak Helicap 23 6000 bph applies plastic screw caps to carton packages. Specifically, Tetra Pak manufactured this model in 2007 and configured it for the 1000 Slim format. The Slim format, which is widely used, has a rectangular profile and a reduced cross-section. As a result, it optimizes liquid packaging by improving shelf stability and reducing material consumption. Technical Specifications of the Used Capping Machine Tetra Pak The Helicap 23 model applies the CAP 47 screw cap, which ensures a hermetic seal and allows easy opening for the consumer. Moreover, the screwing system maintains a consistent torque so that leaks or packaging defects do not occur. The Used Capping Machine Tetra Pak Helicap 23 6000 bph operates with a 400/230 VAC power supply, meaning that it supports both industrial three-phase n ...

Tetra Pak TBA 19 250 sl with Straw Applicator, consists of: Tetra Pak TBA 19 250 sl with Straw Applicator TSA Tubex 9001 To complete an offer we have several machinery and equipment in our stock such as: Tray Shrink Packer, Shrink Packer, TCBP (TetraCardBoardPacker), conveyors, closing systems, etc. By request we take over different Service features including consulting and planning, transportation, assembling and installation. Do not hesitate to contact us for an detailed offer. Prior sales reserved for all offers. Tetra Pak TBA 8 1000 sl with PT and TCAP ReCap 2 , used Tetra Pak, second hand Tetra Pak, TBA 8, TBA 9, TBA 19, TBA 21 Tetra Pak TBA 8 1000 sl with PT and TCAP ReCap 2 , used Tetra Pak, second hand Tetra Pak, TBA 8, TBA 9, TBA 19, TBA 21 Tetra Pak TBA 8 1000 sl with PT and TCAP ReCap 2 , used Tetra Pak, second hand Tetra Pak, TBA 8, TBA 9, TBA 19, TBA 21

Consists of: Tetra Multi Shrink, Tetra Pak TMS 67

Consists of: Tetra Multi Shrink, Tetra Pak TMS 72

Consists of: Tetra Pak Tray Shrink 51, Tetra TTS 51

Tetra Pak ® spare parts We can offer new or used Tetra Pak ® spare parts, -> We send you our list on request See list which we send on request to you

Used CIP Tetra Pak year 2010 15T/h The Used CIP Tetra Pak year 2010 15T/h, model Tetra Alcip 1, performs Cleaning in Place (CIP) to automate the cleaning process in bottling and food processing plants. Consequently, this system ensures an effective sanitation cycle without requiring production line disassembly, optimizing downtime and reducing water and detergent consumption. Tetra Pak built the Used CIP Tetra Pak year 2010 15T/h in 2010. Specifically, its 15-ton-per-hour operational capacity makes it suitable for high-productivity plants while ensuring hygiene standards that comply with food and beverage industry regulations. Technical Features of the Used CIP Tetra Pak year 2010 15T/h The Tetra Alcip 1 applies a controlled washing cycle to remove organic and inorganic residues from production circuits. In particular, the system integrates separate tanks for water, alkaline detergent, a ...

Item number 90045-0337 Engine control card, engine control

The Tetra Pak Tetra Straw Applicator (TSA 46) has a compact design and is very reliable. Trouble-free operation in a carton filling lines is guaranteed even with long periods of use. It is installed between the filling machine and the packaging machine and has servo motors and inverters. The regulated and controlled application of the straw is thus made possible without any problems. The constant and trouble-free speed of up to 8.000 units/h is ideal for use in conjunction with the Tetra Pak TBA 19 filling machines. Previously used for 200 ml Slim cartons with U-Straw 4. Production hours: 92.204 hours. Including Nordson ProBlue 4 hotmelt unit. MM + SPC + EM Manuals available., Type of Machine: Straw applicator, Capacity: 8.000 pieces per hour, Type of carton: 200 ml Slim, Development step: 10V, Drawing spec.: 678547-0101, Production hours: 92.204 hours, Dimensions: ± 230 x 100 x 210 cm, ...

The Tetra Pak Tetra Cardboard Packer 70 (TCP 70) is an automatic secondary packaging machine designed for grouping and packing filled Tetra Pak carton packages into wrap-around cardboard or corrugated board cases. It is widely used in dairy and beverage packaging lines operating in ambient conditions. It is flexible and has a number of possibilities when it comes to package sizes, packing patterns and cardboard units. This machine is previously used for 1 Liter Slim / Base cartons, 4x2, in a tray (not wraparound). Output: up to 7.000 cartons/hour (depending on format and configuration). Feeding side: Left hand. Infeed type: Multi. Infeed: U-form. Conveyor speed in: 35 m/min. Conveyor width: B79/B65. Hotmelt unit (Robatech KPC12, serialnr 134590, year 2005)., Type of Machine: Cardboard Packer, Capacity: up to 7.000 cartons per hour, Type of carton: 1.000 ml Slim / Base, Development step:  ...

Used Tetra Pak A3 Compact Flex 300V Aseptic Carton Filling Machine + TSA21 straw applicator YOM 2007 – Overview This used Tetra Pak A3 Compact Flex 300V aseptic carton filling machine is designed for high-efficiency packaging of liquid foods in the 200 ml Slim format. With a capacity up to 9,000 units per hour, it offers reliable performance for beverage production and industrial packaging operations seeking second-hand equipment with proven quality. Manufactured by Tetra Pak, a leading name in packaging machinery, this filler supports aseptic processing for sensitive products such as milk and juices, making it a strong choice for modern Usedbottlinglines and carton packaging applications. Engineered for advanced aseptic filling performance, the A3 Compact Flex 300V combines process control, operational safety, and consistent output. The machine has been maintained to align with co ...

Used Aseptic Filling Machine Tetra Pak A3/Flex 150V TBA 1000B – Overview This second hand Tetra Pak A3/Flex 150V TBA 1000B is a proven aseptic carton filler engineered for industrial packaging and beverage production. Configured for Tetra Brik Aseptic 1000 ml (Base) packs, it delivers reliable, continuous operation for UHT milk, juices, and other shelf-stable beverages. With a nominal capacity of approximately 7,000 packs/hour, this used bottling line component combines high throughput with aseptic integrity for modern carton packaging. Technical Specifications & Performance Data Manufacturer: Tetra Pak Model: A3/Flex 150V TBA 1000B Year of manufacture: 2008 Filling type: Aseptic (non-isobaric carton filling) Package format: Tetra Brik Aseptic 1000 ml (Base) Nominal speed: ≈ 7,000 packs/hour Working hours: ≈ 30,000 hours Utilities Electrical: 400 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase Installe ...

Technical Specifications & Performance Data The Used filling machine TETRA PAK A3 Flex 7500 bph is a 2016 aseptic form‑fill‑seal system designed for high-efficiency beverage production in cartons. Built by Tetra Pak®, it delivers precise, reliable filling for dairy and juice in Tetra Brik formats, making it a strong fit for industrial packaging operations seeking predictable uptime and hygienic performance. Manufacturer: Tetra Pak® Model: A3 Flex (Year 2016) Category: Filling Machine – aseptic carton FFS Nominal speed: up to 7,500 packs/hour Container type: Brik (aseptic carton); format range subject to installed tooling Product compatibility: Dairy (e.g., UHT milk), Juice (with/without pulp, low to medium viscosity) Filling principle: Aseptic, volumetric dosing No. of valves / heads: 1 Machine configuration: Linear (rotation: 0) Changeover: Recipe-based format adjus ...

Used Shrink Wrapper Tetra Pak year 2014 9000 bricks/hour Introduction to the Used Shrink Wrapper Tetra Pak year 2014 9000 bricks/hour This machine is a used shrink wrapper model 32, manufactured by Tetra Pak in 2014. It handles the secondary packaging of aseptic carton containers, which manufacturers commonly use for liquid food products. Currently, operators have stored the unit, and they classify it as fully automatic, featuring a straight-line feed system. Moreover, it has only 180 hours of operation, which ensures minimal wear and high reliability. In terms of productivity, the machine reaches a performance level of 9,000 bricks per hour. Supported package configurations The Shrink Wrapper 32 offers a high degree of flexibility in terms of package configurations. Consequently, it adapts well to a variety of operational setups. It supports multiple layouts, including 3×1, 3× ...

Used Aseptic Filling Line Tetra Pak A3 FLEX 1000S up to 9000 l h The Used aseptic filling line Tetra Pak A3 FLEX 1000S up to 9000 l h provides an advanced solution for aseptic bottling of liquid products. Specifically, it can reach a production capacity of 9000 liters per hour. This line ensures maximum efficiency and reliability when filling dairy products and juices. Moreover, its fully integrated aseptic process preserves the organoleptic and microbiological characteristics of the product. Main Components of the Aseptic A3 Flex 1000S line Homogenizer and Sterilizer – 12 tons per hourThe homogenization and sterilization system of the Used aseptic filling line Tetra pak A3 FLEX 1000S up to 9000 l/h stabilizes the product and eliminates microorganisms through controlled thermal treatment. Furthermore, its 12 tons per hour capacity allows it to handle large volumes while maintaining ...